- A reference model is a conceptual blueprint of how communications should take place.
- It addresses all the processes required for effective communication and divides these processes into logical groupings called layers.
- When a communication system is designed in this manner, it’s known as layered architecture.
The OSI Model
The OSI isn’t a physical model. Rather, it’s a set of guidelines that application developers can use to create and implement applications that run on a network.
It also provides a framework for creating and implementing networking standards, devices, and internetworking schemes.
The upper layers
The lower layers
The Layer Functions
Connection-Oriented Communication
Windowing
Network Layer Routing Table used in a router
Router in an internetwork
Data Link Layer
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